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This article needs references that appear in reliable third-party publications. Primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject are generally not sufficient for a Wikipedia article. Please add more appropriate citations from reliable sources. (November 2008) Peginterferon alfa-2a Identifiers CAS number 215647-85-1 ATC code L03AB11 L03AB61 (in combinations) DrugBank BTD00043 Chemical data Formula C860H1353N227O255S9  Mol. mass 19241 g/mol (unpegylated) 40000 g/mol (pegylated) Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat.  ? Legal status Routes subcutaneous Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (40 kDa; commercial name Pegasys) is an antiviral drug discovered at the pharmaceutical company F. Hoffmann-La Roche; it has a dual mode of action - both antiviral and on the immune system. The addition of polyethylene glycol to the interferon, through a process known as pegylation, enhances the half-life of the interferon when compared to its native form. Contents 1 Uses 2 Host genetic factors influencing treatment response 3 See also 4 References 5 External links // Uses This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (including patients with HIV co-infection, cirrhosis, 'normal' levels of ALT) and has recently been approved (in the EU, U.S., China and many other countries) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Peginterferon alfa-2a is a long acting interferon. Interferons are proteins released in the body in response to viral infections. Interferons are important for fighting viruses in the body, for regulating reproduction of cells, and for regulating the immune system.[citation needed] Host genetic factors influencing treatment response For genotype 1 hepatitis C treated with Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) combined with ribavirin, it has been shown genetic polymorphisms near the human IL28B gene, encoding interferon lambda 3, are associated with significant differences in response to the treatment. This finding, originally reported in Nature [1], showed genotype 1 hepatitis C patients carrying certain genetic variant alleles near the IL28B gene are more possibly to achieve sustained virological response after the treatment than others. Later report from Nature [2] demonstrated the same genetic variants are also associated with the natural clearance of the genotype 1 hepatitis C virus. See also Interferon PEGylation References ^ Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ, et al. (2009). "Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance". Nature 461 (7262): 399–401. doi:10.1038/nature08309. PMID 19684573.  ^ Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al. (2009). "Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus". Nature 461 (7265): 798–801. doi:10.1038/nature08463. PMID 19759533.  External links Interferon and hepatitis c at pegasys.com PMPRB at pmprb-cepmb.gc.ca Chemical structure at hepalife.com MeSH Pegasys v • d • e Cell signaling: cytokines By family Interleukin IL-1 superfamily 1 (1Ra) · 18 · 33 IL-6 like/gp130 using 6  · 11 · 27 · 30 · 31 (+non IL Oncostatin M, Leukemia inhibitory factor, Ciliary neurotrophic factor, Cardiotrophin 1) IL-10 family 10 · 19 · 20 · 22 · 24 · 26 Interferon type III 28 · 29 Common γ-chain family 2/15 · 3 · 4 · 7 · 9 · 13 · 21 IL-12 family 12 · 23 · 27 · 35 Other 5 · 8 · 14 · 16 · 17/25 (A) · 32  · 34 Chemokine CCL 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 CXCL 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 CX3CL 1 XCL 1 · 2 TNF Main TNF-alpha TNF (ligand) superfamily 4-1BB ligand · B-cell activating factor · FAS ligand · Lymphotoxin · OX40L · RANKL · TRAIL Cluster of differentiation CD70 · CD153 · CD154 Interferon I alpha (Pegylated 2a, Pegylated 2b), beta (1a, 1b) II Gamma III IL-28 · IL-29 Other Monokine · Lymphokine (Lymphotoxin, Transfer factor) · Growth factor · Hematopoietic (Stem cell factor, Colony-stimulating factor) · Autocrine motility factor · Osteopontin By function proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1, TNF-alpha) · Th1 (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-beta) Th2 (interleukin 4, interleukin 5, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, interleukin 13) v • d • e DNA virus antivirals (primarily J05, also S01AD and D06BB) Baltimore I Herpesvirus DNA synthesis inhibitor TK activated Purine analogue guanine (Aciclovir#/Valaciclovir, Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir, Penciclovir/Famciclovir) adenine (Vidarabine, Cytarabine) Pyrimidine analogue uridine (Idoxuridine, Trifluridine, Edoxudine) thymine (Brivudine) Not TK activated Foscarnet Other Docosanol · early protein (Fomivirsen) · Tromantadine HPV/MC Imiquimod/Resiquimod · Podophyllotoxin Vaccinia assembly: Rifampicin Poxviridae Methisazone Hepatitis B (VII) Nucleoside analogues/NARTIs: Entecavir · Lamivudine · Telbivudine · Clevudine Nucleotide analogues/NtRTIs: Adefovir · Tenofovir Multiple/general Nucleic acid inhibitors Cidofovir Interferon Interferon alfa-2b · Peginterferon alfa-2a Multiple/unknown Ribavirin#/Taribavirin† ErbB2/PI3K Pathway NOV-205§ · NOV-002† #WHO-EM. ‡Withdrawn from market. CLINICAL TRIALS: †Phase III. §Never to phase III M: VIR virs (prot) cutn/syst (hppv, hiva, infl, zoon), epon drugJ(dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc) v • d • e RNA virus antivirals (primarily J05, also S01AD and D06BB) Hepatitis C protease inhibitor (Boceprevir†, Telaprevir†) Picornavirus viral entry: Pleconaril† Anti-influenza agents Arbidol adamantane derivatives/M2 inhibitors (Amantadine, Rimantadine) neuraminidase inhibitors/release phase (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, Peramivir†, Laninamivir†) Multiple/general Interferon Interferon alfa-2b · Peginterferon alfa-2a Multiple/unknown Ribavirin#/Taribavirin† #WHO-EM. ‡Withdrawn from market. CLINICAL TRIALS: †Phase III. §Never to phase III M: VIR virs (prot) cutn/syst (hppv, hiva, infl, zoon), epon drugJ(dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc) This antiinfective drug article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e This antineoplastic or immunomodulatory drug article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e