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Church of Saint Stepanos of the Holy Virgins Կուսանաց Սուրբ Ստեփանոս վանք Basic information Location Old Tbilisi, Georgia Geographic coordinates 41°41′21″N 44°48′04″E / 41.689230°N 44.801091°E / 41.689230; 44.801091Coordinates: 41°41′21″N 44°48′04″E / 41.689230°N 44.801091°E / 41.689230; 44.801091 Affiliation Armenian Apostolic Church / Georgian Orthodox Church Architectural description Architectural style Armenian Year completed 1868-1870 The Church of Saint Stepanos of the Holy Virgins (Armenian: Կուսանաց Սուրբ Ստեփանոս վանք, or Koosanats Sourb Stepanos Vank[1]; also now known as the Lower Bethlehem Church[2]) is a 14th-19th century Armenian church at the foot of the Narikala fortress in Old Tbilisi, Georgia.[3] It was rebuilt between 1868 and 1870[1], and was "Georgianized" in 1991[1]. The church has been under the ownership of the Georgian orthodox church since 1988.[2] Contents 1 Georgian appropriation 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References // Georgian appropriation From 1989 to 1995, the church underwent a heavy process of "Georganization" during which time all evidence of Armenian religious iconography was removed and replaced with Georgian ones.[4] Among the alterations to remove the church's Armenian characteristics included[4]: the destruction of the ground floor portal and mausoleum of Mother-Superior Peprone in 1990 the removal of the iron gratings of the windows and the covering of windows with bricks in 1995 the removal of Armenian high-reliefs stretching all around the drum of the church from 1991-1993 the destruction on the top of the western pediment of the church (blown up on February 9, 1990) the destruction of the marble Armenian "khachkal" in the middle of the apse in 1990 the removal of a marble cross, altar stone, and other fragements for safe-keeping at the Cathedral of Saint Gevorg in 1990 the razing of the high altar and khachkal (1990-1991) the destruction of the baptistery font which had been in the northern wall the removal of the marble washing-basin (1870) and taken to safe-keeping at Saint Gevorg the destruction of the Armenian inscription on the interior of the drum that recounts the repairs of the cover of the cupola the removal of the Armenian inscription (1870) recounting the erection of the column with deaconess Hripsime Begtabeguiantz's means in 1991 the removal of a marble inscription slab (1870) recounting deaconess Katarine Yerkainabazouk-Arghoutiantz's construction activity in 1990 the removal of the marble inscription slab which recounts the construction of activity of the Ourdoubekiantz couple (disappeared in 1990) the removal of the marble inscription slab recounting the construction of the upper floor of the church the removal of the inscription specifying that the metal spiral stairs leading to the upper floor were built in 1885 on the initiative and means of arch-deaconess Evpimia Behboutiantz the throwing away of other Armenian lapidary inscriptions during the abolition of the Armenian characteristics of the church between 1990-1991 the removal and destruction of the memorial inscription carved on the marble slab on the wall of Mother-Superior Heprosime Abamelikian's burial vault under the portal in front of the northern entrance of the church (the mausoleum was destroyed, too) in 1990 the painting of a Georgian fresco on the tympanum of the altered northern entrance in June 1995 Gallery View of Saint Stepano (far right) and two other Armenian churches in Old Tbilisi: Holy Mother of God (Bethlehem) (middle) and Saint George (far left) Another view of the Armenian Quarter with Saint Stepanos Church (right of center) See also Saint Bethlehem Armenian Church, a nearby 18th century Armenian church Saint Gevorg of Mughni Church, a nearby 13th century Armenian church Cathedral of Saint George, a nearby 13th century Armenian church Holy Mother of God (Norashen) Church, a nearby 15h century Armenian church Armenians in Georgia References ^ a b c "Koosanats Sourb Stepanos (St. Stepanos of the Holy Virgins) Church, Tbilisi". Research on Armenian Architecture. http://raa.am/Jard/Georgia/Kusanats_E.htm. Retrieved 15 July 2009.  ^ a b "Tbilisi Explorer: Lower Bethlehem". City of Tbilisi, Georgia. http://www.tbilisi.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=1269&info_id=6833. Retrieved 15 July 2009.  ^ Thierry, Jean-Michel (1989) Armenian Art.  New York: Harry N. Abrams.  p. 586 ISBN 0-8109-0625-2  ^ a b Karapetyan, Samvel (1998) (in Armenian), The State Policy of Georgia and the Monuments of Armenian Culture (1988-1998) (1st ed.), Yerevan: Research on Armenian Architecture, pp. XIII–XX, ISBN 5-8080-0144-7, http://raa.am/BOOK_2/book_2_E_FrSet.htm  v • d • e         Contemporary Armenian Churches and Seminaries     Armenia Etchmiadzin Cathedral  · Gevorkian Theological Seminary  · Gayane  · Geghard  · Goshavank  · Hovhannavank  · Hripsime  · Karmravor  · Kecharis  · Khor Virap  · Oshakan  · Saghmosavank  · Sanahin  · Shoghakat  · Tegher  · Vaskenian Theological Academy  · Yeghvart Yerevan: Holy Trinity  · Katoghike  · Poghos-Petros  · Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral  · Saint John the Baptist  · Saint Sargis (Kentron)  · Saint Sarkis (Nor Nork)  · Surb Zoravor Astvatsatsin Church Nagorno Karabakh Republic (Artsakh) Gandzasar  · Ghazanchetsots Cathedral  · Kanach Zham France Île-de-France: St. Jean-Baptiste Armenian Apostolic Cathedral, Paris  · St. Gregory the Illuminator Church, Chaville  · Holy Mother of God Armenian Apostolic Church, Issy-les-Moulineaux  · St. Paul and St. Peter Church, Alfortville  · Holy Cross of Varak Armenian Church, Arnouville-Lès-Gonesse  · Holy Cross Armenian Catholic Cathedral, Paris  · St. Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Catholic Church, Arnouville-Lès-Gonesse  · Rhône-Alpes: St. Jack Armenian Apostolic Cathedral, Lyon  · Holy Mother of God Armenian Apostolic Church, Décines  · St. Gregory the Illuminator Church, St. Etienne  · Saint Neshan Church, Charvieu-Chavagneux  · Saint Sahak Church, Valence  · St. Gregory the Illuminator Church, Valence  · Armenian Apostolic Church, Grenoble  · St. Nicolas Church, Romans  · Armenian Apostolic Church, Vienne  · Armenian Catholic Church, Lyon  · Armenian Catholic Church, Valence  · St. Nerses Armenian Catholic Church, Saint Chamond · Marseille and South: St. Mesrob and St. Sahak Armenian Apostolic Cathedral, Marseille  · Holy Mother of God Armenian Apostolic Church, Marseille  · St. Garabed Church, Marseille  · St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew Chruch, Marseille  · St. Jack Church, Marseille  · Holy Savior Armenian Apostolic Church, La Ciotat  · Holy Mother of God Armenian Apostolic Church, Nice  · St. John Armenian Church, Saint-Raphaë  · St. Vartan Armenian Church, Avignon  · St. Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Catholic Church, Marseille Turkey Aghtamar  · Holy Apostles Church of Kars  · Holy Apostles Monastery  · Horomos  · Ktuts  · Monastery of the All-Saviour (Trebizond)  · Mren  · Narekavank  · Saint Bartholomew Monastery  · Saint Karapet Monastery  · St. Marineh Church, Mush  · Tekor Basilica  · Varagavank Georgia Tbilisi: Cathedral of Saint Gevorg  · Church of the Holy Seal  · Church of the Red Gospel  · Ejmiatsin  · Holy Mother of God (Bethlehem)  · Holy Mother of God (Mens)  · Holy Mother of God (Norashen)  · Saint George  · Saint Gevorg of Mughni  · Saint Karapet  · Saint Minas  · Saint Stephanos  · Chugureti St. Astvatsatsin Lebanon Armenian Catholicossate of Cilicia  · Armenian Catholic Patriarchate  · Armenian Apostolic Seminary at Bikfaya  · Armenian Church of the Holy Cross, Beirut  · St. Elie Cathedral, Beirut  · Our Lady Convent Of Bzoummar  · Convent Of Mekhitarist Fathers, Bikfaya  · St. Paul Church, Anjar  · The Church of the Forty Martyrs of Sebastia, Bourj Hammoud  · St. Mesrob Church, Bourj Hammoud  · Holy Cross Church, Zalka  · St. Rita Church, Mezher  · Holy Cross (St. Neshan) Church, Beirut Central District  · Saint George Armenian Apostolic Church, Beirut  · Saint Hagop Church, Beirut  · Saint Sarkis Church, Beirut  · Holy Mother of God Armenian Church, Bourj Hammoud  · Armenian Catholic Church of the Annunciation, Beirut  · St. Saviour Armenian Catholic Church, Bourj Hammoud  · Holy Pentecost Armenian Apostolic Church, Tripoli  · Our Lady of Fatima Armenian Catholic Church, Zahle  · Our Lady of the Rosary Armenian Catholic Church, Anjar  · Armenian Catholic Church of the Annunciation , Beirut  · St. Savior Armenian Catholic Church, Bourj Hammoud Syria Aleppo:Church of the Holy Mother of God  · Cathedral of the forty martyrs of Sebastia  · St. Hagop Church  · St. Gregory the Illuminator Church  · Holy Trinity Church  · Holy Cross Church  · Church of Our Lady of Annunciation  · Cathedral of Our Mother of Reliefs  · Latakia:St. Hripsime Chruch, Yacoubieh  · St. Anna Church, Yacoubieh  · Church of the Holy Mother of God, Kesab  · Church of the Holy Mother of God, Latakia  · Church of the Holy Mother of God, Karadouran  · Armenian Church, Ekizoluk  · St. Stephen Church,Aramo  · St. George Church, Ghnemiyeh  · Our Lady of the Assumption, Kesab  · Deir ez-Zor:Armenian Genocide Memorial Church (Der Zor)  · Ar-Raqqah:Church of the Holy Mother of God, Ar-Raqqah  · Holy Cross Church, Abyad  · Al-Hasakah:Church of the Holy Mother of God, Al-Malikiyah  · Holy Cross Mother of God Church, Ra's al-'Ayn  · Saint John the Baptist Church, Al-Hasakah  · Saint Joseph Armenian Catholic Church, Al-Qamishli  · Holy Family Church, Al-Hasakah  · Damascus:St. Sarkis Armenian Church, Damascus  · Our Lady of the Universe Armenian Catholic Church, Damascus Saint Elishe  · Saint Gregory of Baku Iran Saint Sargis  · Saint Thaddeus  · Vank Cathedral Israel Cathedral of St. James  · Church of the Archangels  · St. Toros Church  · Chapel of Saint Helena  · Saint Nicholas Monastery United States Mother Cathedral of the Western Diocese, Burbank  · Saint Mary's Armenian Church, Glendale  · Saint Gregory the Illuminator Catholic Church, Glendale  · St. Vartan Cathedral  · Saint Sarkis of Dearborn Other countries Austria: Mekhitarist Monastery of Vienna  · Italy: Mekhitarist Monastery of Venice (San Lazzaro)  · Ukraine: Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary  · Singapore: Saint Gregory