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Coordinates: 54°45′0″N 1°19′35″W / 54.75°N 1.32639°W / 54.75; -1.32639 Castle Eden Dene Site of Special Scientific Interest National Nature Reserve Gunners Pool Bridge in Castle Eden Dene Country England Region North East District Easington Location NZ434396  - coordinates 54°45′0″N 1°19′35″W / 54.75°N 1.32639°W / 54.75; -1.32639 Area 192.97 ha (476.8 acres) Notification 1984 (SSSI) Management Natural England Area of Search County Durham Interest Biological Location of Castle Eden Dene SSSI, Co Durham Website: Map of site Castle Eden Dene is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and National Nature Reserve in the Easington district of County Durham, England. It is located immediately south of Peterlee, between the A19 and A1086 roads. The dene is the largest, and biologically the richest, of a series of deep ravines that have been incised through the Magnesian Limestone and overlying boulder clay of coastal Durham by streams flowing into the North Sea. It is the largest area of semi-natural woodland in north-east England and, because the steep valley sides are mostly inaccessible, it has suffered relatively little from human interference.[1] The majority of the woodland is dominated by ash, Fraxinus excelsior, and wych elm, Ulmus glabra, though sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus is well-established and yew, Taxus baccata, is common.[2] This last is said to have given the dene its name, "Eden" being derived from the earlier "Yoden", or Yew dene,[1] though an alternative explanation is that "Eden" and "Yoden" derive from Old English Idun, itself a derivative of Indo-European pid, meaning "a spring, water".[3] Over 450 species of plants have been recorded in the wood, many of which are typical of ancient woodlands that date back to pre-medieval times. The ground-flora is dominated by ramsons, or wild garlic, Allium ursinum, with its characteristic garlic-like aroma; dog's mercury, Mercurialis perennis and sanicle, Sanicula europaea, are also common, while locally-rare species include lily-of-the-valley, Convallaria majalis, herb paris, Paris quadrifolia, bird's-nest orchid, Neottia nidus-avis, and round-leaved wintergreen, Pyrola rotundifolia.[2] In early spring, the woodland floor is scattered with the yellow flowers of primrose, Primula vulgaris, and lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria, and the white flowers of wood anemone, Anemone nemorosa, which give way in late spring to thick carpets of bluebells, Hyacinthoides non-scripta. The tunnel under the A1086 road carrying the burn and the main footpath linking Castle Eden dene to the beach at Denemouth The Dene is a popular venue for walkers and there are several entrances, from Peterlee to the north, Castle Eden and Heselden to the south, and from the A19 and A1086 roads. Natural England, which manages the area in partnership with local councils, has done much to improve access within the dene, both by strengthening the paths and bridges across the burn and by creating better drainage around the paths.[4] Despite this, heavy rain storms can severely disrupt access to some areas: storms in July 2009 left several areas inaccessible and some stretches of path may have to be closed permanently because of the instability of the valley slopes.[5] Similarly, although Castle Eden Burn is seasonal, and there is often no running water at the bottom of the ravine, the tunnel which carries the burn under the A1086 road can become blocked with logs after heavy rain storms. To minimise accidents and to avoid damage to the plants and the dene itself, Natural England advises walkers not to stray from the paths and prohibits the use of bicycles within the reserve.[1] References ^ a b c "Castle Eden Dene NNR". Natural England. http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designatedareas/nnr/1006029.aspx. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  ^ a b "Castle Eden Dene". English Nature. 1984. http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000738.pdf. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  ^ Watts, Victor (2002). A Dictionary of County Durham Place-Names. English Place-Name Society. ISBN 0-904889-65-3.  ^ "Replacement of Dungy Bridge at Castle Eden Dene". Natural England. 21 January 2009. http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/regions/north_east/press_releases/2009/210109.aspx. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  ^ "Castle Eden Dene: open for visitors despite storm damage". Natural England. 28 July 2009. http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/regions/north_east/press_releases/2009/280709.aspx. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  v • d • e Sites of Special Scientific Interest in County Durham Backstone Bank and Baal Hill Woods • Baldersdale Woodlands • Bishop Middleham Quarry • Bollihope, Pikestone, Eggleston and Woodland Fells • Botany Hill • Bowes Moor • Bowlees and Friar House Meadows • Brasside Pond • Brignall Banks • Burnhope Burn • Butterby Oxbow • Cassop Vale • Castle Eden Dene • Causey Bank Mires • Charity Land • Close House Mine • Cornriggs Meadows • Cotherstone Moor • Crag Gill • Crime Rigg and Sherburn Hill Quarries • Dabble Bank • Derwent Gorge and Horsleyhope Ravine • Durham Coast • Fairy Holes Cave • Far High House Meadows • Fishburn Grassland • Foster's Hush • Frog Wood Bog • God's Bridge • Grains o' th' Beck Meadows • Green Croft and Langley Moor • Greenfoot Quarry • Hannah's Meadows • Hawthorn Dene • Hawthorn Quarry • Hell Kettles • Hesledon Moor East • Hesledon Moor West • Hexhamshire Moors • Hisehope Burn Valley • Hulam Fen • Hunder Beck Juniper • Kilmond Scar • Low Redford Meadows • Lune Forest • Mere Beck Meadows • Middle Crossthwaite • Middle Side and Stonygill Meadows • Middleton Quarry • Middridge Quarry • Moorhouse and Cross Fell • Muggleswick, Stanhope and Edmundbyers Commons and Blanchland Moor • Neasham Fen • Newton Ketton Meadow • Old Moss Lead Vein • Park End Wood • Pig Hill • Pike Whin Bog • Pittington Hill • Pow Hill Bog • Quarrington Hill Grasslands • Railway Stell West • Raisby Hill Grassland • Raisby Hill Quarry • Redcar Field • Rigg Farm and Stake Hill Meadows • Rogerley Quarry • Sherburn Hill • Shipley and Great Woods • Sleightholme Beck Gorge - The Troughs • Slit Woods • Stony Cut, Cold Hesledon • Teesdale Allotments • The Bottoms • The Carrs • Thrislington Plantation • Town Kelloe Bank • Trimdon Limestone Quarry • Tuthill Quarry • Upper Teesdale • Waldridge Fell • West Newlandside Meadows • West Park Meadows • West Rigg Open Cutting • Westernhope Burn Wood • Wingate Quarry • Witton-le-Wear • Yoden Village Quarry Neighbouring areas: Cleveland • Northumberland • Tyne and Wear