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This article is about the Marxist alliance. For the dictionary, see Webster's Second. Part of a series on Socialism Currents Marxist socialism Scientific socialism Democratic socialism Libertarian socialism · Mutualism Market socialism  · State socialism Utopian socialism · Communism Social anarchism · Syndicalism Social democracy Revolutionary socialism Green socialism · Guild socialism 21st century socialism Agrarian socialism Key topics and issues Types History Economics State Criticisms Concepts Economic planning · Free association Equality of opportunity Economic democracy Adhocracy · Technocracy Self-management · Direct democracy Public ownership · Common ownership Social dividend · Basic income Production for use Calculation in kind · Labour voucher Industrial democracy · Collaboration Material balance accounting People Charles Hall · Henri de Saint-Simon Robert Owen · Charles Fourier William Thompson Thomas Hodgskin · Louis Blanc Moses Hess · Karl Marx Friedrich Engels · Ferdinand Lassalle William Morris · Mary Harris Jones John Dewey · Eugene V. Debs Enrico Barone · Ben Tillett Bertrand Russell · Robin Hahnel Michael Albert Organizations First International (International Workingmen's Association) Second International Third International (Comintern) Fourth International Socialist International World Federation of Democratic Youth International Union of Socialist Youth World Socialist Movement Religious socialism Buddhist · Christian Islamic · Jewish left Regional socialism African socialism · Arab socialism Chinese socialism · Titoism Maoism Labour Zionism Third World Socialism Third World Socialism Left-wing nationalism Related topics Criticism of capitalism Class struggle · Democracy Dictatorship of the proletariat Egalitarianism · Equality of outcome Impossibilism · Internationalism State-owned enterprise Left-wing politics · Marxism Mixed economy · Nationalization Socialization of production · Planned economy Perspectives on Capitalism Proletarian revolution Reformism · Socialism in One Country Socialist market economy Post-capitalism · Trade union Mode of production v • d • e The Second International (1889–1916) was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. At the Paris meeting delegations from 20 countries participated.[1] It continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the still-powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement and unions, and was in existence until 1916. Among the Second International's famous actions were its (1889) declaration of May 1 as International Workers' Day and its (1910) declaration of March 8 as International Women's Day. It initiated the international campaign for the 8-hour working day.[2] The International's permanent executive and information body was the International Socialist Bureau (ISB), based in Brussels and formed after the International's Paris Congress of 1900. Emile Vandervelde and Camille Huysmans of the Belgian Labour Party were its chair and secretary. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a member from 1905. The Second International dissolved during World War I, in 1916, as the separate national parties that composed it did not maintain a unified front against the war, instead generally supporting their respective nations' role. French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) leader Jean Jaurès's assassination, a few days before the beginning of the war, symbolized the failure of the antimilitarist doctrine of the Second International. In 1915, at the Zimmerwald Conference, anti-war socialists attempted to maintain international unity against the social patriotism of the social democratic leaders. The International continued in skeleton form in neutral Switzerland through the war, as the Berne International. In 1920, the defunct Second International was reorganized. However, some European socialist parties refused to join the reorganized international, and decided instead to form the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP) ("Second and a half International" or "Two-and-a-half International"), heavily influenced by Austromarxism. In 1923, IWUSP and the Second International merged to form the social democratic Labour and Socialist International. This international continued to exist until 1940. After World War II, the Socialist International was formed to continue the policies of the Labour and Socialist International, and it continues to this day. Contents 1 The exclusion of anarchists 2 Congresses of the Second International 3 Prominent members of the Second International by country 4 Latin America 5 See also 6 References 7 External links // The exclusion of anarchists Anarchists tended to be excluded from the Second International, nevertheless "anarchism had in fact dominated the London Congress of the Second International"[3]. This exclusion received the criticism from other non-marxists present at the meetings[4]. At some point the Second International turned "into a battleground over the issue of libertarian versus authoritarian socialism. Not only did they effectively present themselves as champions of minority rights; they also provoked the German Marxists into demonstrating a dictatorial intolerance which was a factor in preventing the British labor movement from following the Marxist direction indicated by such leaders as H. M. Hyndman"[5]. Congresses of the Second International 1889: International Workers Congresses of Paris, 1889 1891: International Socialist Labor Congress of Brussels, 1891 1893: Zurich Socialist and Labor Congress, 1893 1896: International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress, London 1896 1900: International Socialist Congress, Paris 1900 1904: International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904 1907: International Socialist Congress, Stuttgart 1907 1910: Copenhagen 1912: Basel (Extraordinary Congress) Prominent members of the Second International by country Germany August Bebel Hugo Haase Karl Kautsky Karl Liebknecht Wilhelm Liebknecht Rosa Luxemburg Clara Zetkin France Jean Allemane Jules Guesde Jean Jaurès Gustave Hervé Édouard Vaillant Russia Vladimir Lenin Georgi Plekhanov Pavel Axelrod Julius Martov Leon Trotsky Austria Victor Adler Karl Renner Netherlands Anton Pannekoek Herman Gorter Pieter Jelles Troelstra Belgium Camille Huysmans Emile Vandervelde Switzerland Robert Grimm Ireland James Connolly Italy Filippo Turati Amadeo Bordiga Spain Pablo Iglesias Ottoman Empire Avraam Benaroya India dadabhai naoroji Latin America In Latin America, the International had two affiliates; the Socialist Party of Argentina and the Socialist Party of Uruguay.[6] See also First International Socialist International International Working Union of Socialist Parties ("Second and a half international"/"Two-and-a-half International") Third International (Comintern) Fourth International and Trotskyist internationals Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière (SFIO, the French section of the Second International) Fifth International References ^ Rubio, José Luis. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. p. 42. ^ Rubio, José Luis. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. p. 43 ^ George Woodcock. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements (1962). pgs 263-264 ^ "As well as all the anarchist leaders, Keir Hardie and Tom Mann appeared on the platform to make speeches asserting the rights of minorities, and William Morris, now nearing his death, sent a message to say that only sickness prevented him from adding his own voice to the chorus of protest." George Woodcock. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements (1962). pgs 263-264 ^ George Woodcock. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements (1962). pgs 263-264 ^ Rubio, José Luis. Las internacionales obreras en América. Madrid: 1971. p. 49 External links The Second International, at Marxists.org History of the Second International (in French and English) German social-democratic party and the Second International by Fractal-vortex