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Gemini 12 Mission insignia Mission statistics Mission name Gemini 12 Spacecraft name Gemini 12 Spacecraft mass 3,762.1 kilograms (8,294 lb) Crew size 2 Call sign Gemini 12 Launch pad LC-19 (CCAF) Launch date November 11, 1966, 3:46:33 p.m. EST[1] Landing November 15, 1966, 2:21:04 p.m. EST 24°35′N 69°57′W / 24.583°N 69.95°W / 24.583; -69.95 [1] Mission duration 3d/22:34:31 Number of orbits 59 Apogee 270.6 kilometres (146.1 nmi) (1st orbit) Perigee 160.8 kilometres (86.8 nmi) (1st orbit) Orbital period 88.87 min (1st orbit) Orbital inclination 28.87° Crew photo (L-R) Aldrin, Lovell Related missions Previous mission Subsequent mission Gemini 11 Apollo 1 Gemini 12 (officially Gemini XII) was a 1966 manned spaceflight in NASA's Project Gemini. It was the 10th and final manned Gemini flight, the 18th manned American flight and, including X-15 flights over 100 kilometres (62 mi), the 26th spaceflight of all time. Contents 1 Crew 1.1 Backup crew 2 Mission parameters 2.1 Docking 2.2 Space walk 3 Objectives 3.1 Experiments 3.2 Reentry 4 Insignia 5 Spacecraft location 6 See also 7 References 8 External links // Crew Position Astronaut Command Pilot James A. Lovell, Jr Second spaceflight Pilot Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr First spaceflight Backup crew Position Astronaut Command Pilot L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. Pilot Eugene A. Cernan Mission parameters Mass: 3,762.1 kilograms (8,294 lb) Perigee: 160.8 kilometres (99.9 mi) Apogee: 270.6 kilometres (168.1 mi) Inclination: 28.87° Period: 88.87 min Docking Docked: November 12, 1966 - 01:06:00 UTC Undocked: November 13, 1966 - 20:18:00 UTC Space walk Aldrin - EVA 1 - (stand up) Start: November 12, 1966, 16:15:00 UTC End: November 12, 1966, 18:44:00 UTC Duration: 2 hours, 29 minutes Aldrin - EVA 2 Start: November 13, 1966, 15:34:00 UTC End: November 13, 1966, 17:40:00 UTC Duration: 2 hours, 06 minutes Aldrin - EVA 3 (stand up) Start: November 14, 1966, 14:52:00 UTC End: November 14, 1966, 15:47:00 UTC Duration: 0 hours, 55 minutes Objectives At the completion of the previous Gemini flight, the program still had not demonstrated that an astronaut could work easily and efficiently outside the spacecraft. In preparation for Gemini XII, new, improved restraints were added to the outside of the capsule, and a new technique—underwater training—was introduced, which would become a staple of all future space-walk simulation. Aldrin's two-hour, 20-minute tethered space-walk, during which he photographed star fields, retrieved a micrometeorite collector and did other chores, at last demonstrated the feasibility of extravehicular activity. Two more stand-up EVAs also went smoothly, as did the by now routine rendezvous and docking with an Agena which was done "manually" using the onboard computer and charts when a rendezvous radar failed. The climb to a higher orbit, however, was canceled because of a problem with the Agena booster. Many documentaries afterward largely credit the spacewalk innovations, including the underwater training, to Aldrin himself. Gemini 12 was designed to perform rendezvous and docking with the Agena target vehicle, to conduct three Extravehicular Activity (EVA) operations, to conduct a tethered stationkeeping exercise, to perform docked maneuvers using the Agena propulsion system to change orbit, and demonstrate an automatic reentry. Agena 12 rendezvous target vehicle Agena 12 tethered stationkeeping Gemini 12 Agena info Agena GATV-5001A NSSDC ID: 1966-103A Mass 3,175 kilograms (7,000 lb) Launch site LC-14 Launch date November 11, 1966 Launch time 19:07:58 UTC 1st perigee 294.7 kilometres (183.1 mi) 1st apogee 303.2 kilometres (188.4 mi) Period 90.56 m Inclination 28.86 Reentered December 23, 1966 Experiments The 14 scientific experiments were (1) frog egg growth under zero-g, (2) synoptic terrain photography, (3) synoptic weather photography, (4) nuclear emulsions, (5) airglow horizon photography, (6) UV astronomical photography, and (7) dim sky photography. Two micrometeorite collection experiments, as well as three space phenomena photography experiments, were not fully completed. Reentry The capsule was controlled on reentry by computer and splashed down 4.8 kilometers from its target. The Gemini 12 mission was supported by the following U.S. Department of Defense resources; 9,775 personnel, 65 aircraft and 12 ships. Insignia The patch's unique orange and black colors are a link to the flight's original scheduled date close to Halloween. The Roman numeral XII is located at the 12 o'clock position on the face of a clock, with the Gemini spacecraft pointing to it like the hour hand of a clock. This represents the position of Gemini 12 as the last flight of the Gemini program. With the Apollo project following this last flight of the Gemini program, the ultimate objective—the moon—is symbolized by the crescent on the left. Spacecraft location After several years at the Museum of Transport and Technology, in Auckland, New Zealand, the spacecraft was returned to the United States. It is now on display at the Adler Planetarium, Chicago, Illinois. Lovell and Aldrin were reunited with the spacecraft November 9, 2006 during the opening for Adler's "Shoot for the Moon" exhibit, almost 40 years after the mission launched. Lovell and Aldrin's voices are used for the exhibition's recorded narration. See also Agena Target Vehicle Extra-vehicular activity List of spacewalks Splashdown Solar eclipse of November 12, 1966 Space exploration U.S. Space Exploration History on U.S. Stamps Space suit Space capsule References ^ a b "Gemini XII" (PDF). Gemini Program Mission Report. NASA. 1967. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790076631_1979076631.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-10.  External links NASA Gemini 12 press kit - Nov 3, 1966 Gemini 12 Mission Report (PDF) January 1967 On The Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/cover.htm Spaceflight Mission Patches: http://www.genedorr.com/patches/Intro.html http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1966-104A U.S. Space Objects Registry http://usspaceobjectsregistry.state.gov/search/index.cfm Gemini 12 Photographs from the Western Historical Manuscript Collection at the University of Missouri-St. Louis Gemini XII Cockpit in crosseyed-3D stereoview format v • d • e Gemini program Missions Unmanned: Gemini 1 · 2 Manned: Gemini 3 · 4 · 5 · 7 · 6A · 8 · 9A · 10 · 11 · 12 Components Gemini spacecraft · Orbit attitude and maneuvering system · Titan rocket · Agena target vehicle · Gemini space suit Launch sites Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19 and 14 Developments Advanced Gemini · Blue Gemini and Manned Orbital Development System · Manned Orbital Laboratory and Gemini B · Big Gemini