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Bulgarians in Serbia Българи в Сърбия Balgari v Sarbiya Total population 20,500 (by ethnicity 2002) [1] Regions with significant populations Bosilegrad, Dimitrovgrad and Pirot [1] Languages Bulgarian, Serbian Religion Bulgarian Orthodox and Serbian Orthodox Part of a series on Bulgarians Culture of Bulgaria Literature · Music · Art Cinema · Names · Cuisine Dances · Costume · Sport By region or country Republic of Macedonia Serbia · Romania Banat (Romania / Serbia) Bessarabia (Ukraine / Moldova) Canada · Italy France · Spain · Germany United Kingdom · United States Hungary · Greece Albania · Pomaks · Turkey South America People of Bulgarian descent Religion in Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodoxy · Islam Roman Catholicism · Protestantism Languages and dialects Bulgarian · Dialects Banat Bulgarian v • d • e French ethnographic map of the Balkans (1861). Bulgarians are an ethnic group in Serbia. This article focuses on Bulgarians in south-eastern Serbia, one of the two areas in which ethnic Bulgarians are concentrated. Around 10,000 Bulgarians live in the city of Bosilegrad, the rest of them are found in the cities of Pirot and Dimitrovgrad (Tsaribrod) and surrounding areas, and other border cities. For information about the ethnic Bulgarians in Banat, a region which straddles Serbia and Romania, see the article on Banat Bulgarians. Contents 1 History 1.1 Torlaks 2 Religion 3 Controversy 4 Gallery 5 References 6 See also // History With the conquest of the Pomoravlje by Serbia in 1878, the bulgarians, living around South Morava river, were terrorized and assimilated or emigrated. Later, following World War I, the so called Western Outlands passed to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from Bulgaria as a war indemnity, and the remains of the old border can be seen at Vlasina lake. In the Interwar Period the Internal Western Outland Revolutionary Organisation, countering Yugoslav rule in the region, was engaged in repeated attacks against the Yugoslav police and army. During World War II Bulgaria retook again Western Outlands, as well as Pirot and Vranje areas. Torlaks The regional names once used by many people in the Torlakian-speaking region was Torlaci and Šopi. The borders in the region frequently shifted before the Ottoman conquest among Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian rulers. According to some authors during the Ottoman rule, the majority of native Torlakian Slavic population did not have national consciousness in ethnic sense.[citation needed] Therefore, both, Serbs and Bulgarians, considered local Slavs as part of their own people, while local population was also divided between sympathy for Bulgarians and Serbs. Other authors from the epoch, take a different view and maintain that during the Ottoman rule the inhabitants of Torlakian area had begun to develop predominantly Bulgarian national consciousness.[2][3] The first known literary monument, influenced by Torlakian dialects is the Manuscript from Temska Monastery from 1762, in which its author, the Monk Kiril Zhivkovich from Pirot, considered his language as: "simple Bulgarian".[4] In the 19th century the region was one of the centres of Bulgarian national revival and was included at a whole in the Bulgarian Exarchate (1870-1878). It was also stipulated the area to be ceded to Bulgaria according to the Constantinople Conference in 1876 and most of it according to the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878. Religion Church of St.Ilija near Bosilegrad The dominant religion among ethnic Bulgarians is Orthodoxy. Islam never arrived in areas like Bosilegrad because of the mountanous terrain and most inhabitants dwelled in high mountain villages where they were hard to reach. They use both Serbian and Bulgarian churches due to the low number of Bulgarian clergymen present in the region. There is a church in every village around Bosilegrad, and the oldest ones date to the 11th century. Controversy With the wake of nationalism in the Balkans in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Bulgarian nationalists began internationalizing the issue. With Serbia (and Yugoslavia as a whole) being under severe sanctions from the international community and in a succession of wars, the Bulgarian minority was an easy target. The contemporary Yugoslav administration was accused of: Denying the Bulgarian population education in their mother tongue even though it was available and all other minorities inside the country were practising this right. Bulgarians exercised it the least, even today.[citation needed] Also, the rate of people declaring themselves Yugoslavs in Serbia was among the highest in these two municipalities. Not permitting Bulgarians to rename Dimitrovgrad to their traditional name, Tzaribrod (Цариброд).[citation needed] Tito changed the name in 1950 after Georgi Dimitrov's death(Bulgarian president). In a referendum 2004, 57% of voters voted to keep the name Dimitrovgrad. Serbs by this time had completely removed their phonetic preference Bosiljgrad (Босиљград) in favor of the Bulgarian Bosilegrad (Босилеград), a variation more in harmony with Standard Bulgarian. Settling thousands of Serbian refugees in the area[citation needed] in the 1990s to diminish Bulgarian influence,[citation needed] which the population Census of 1991 and 2002 proved to be totally untrue, not to mention the poor economic status of the area which could not support such an influx of population. Oppression against Bulgarians,[citation needed] even though these municipalities were strongholds of support for Slobodan Milošević's regime, and the party (Yugoslav Left) led by his wife Mirjana Marković. Milošević's support in South Serbia in general was a source of many jokes in Serbia. Neglecting the economic development of the area for decades,[citation needed] causing ethnic Bulgarians to leave.[citation needed] As much as this is true, it can be said for the entire south of Serbia which was left without any attention from the central government; this caused these areas to be the least developed in Serbia, regardless of the ethnic structure. Municipalities with an ethnic Serb majority from this area, like Trgovište, Surdulica or Crna Trava are among the poorest in Serbia. Also, Crna Trava set a record in depopulation as it plunged from 13,748 in 1953 to 2,563 in 2002. In February 2007, the lowest average wage in Serbia was in the ethnic Serb majority municipality of Svrljig, near Dimitrovgrad. [2] Gallery Unveiling of the monument of Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski in Bosilegrad. Church of the Mother of God built by the Bulgarian state in 1892 in Tsaribrod. References ^ a b "Serbian 2002 census". www.nsi.bg. http://www.stat.gov.rs/zip/esn31.pdf. Retrieved 2008-04-18.  ^ Felix Philipp Kanitz, (Das Konigreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk von der Romerzeit bis dur Gegenwart, 1904, in two volume) # "In this time (1872) they (the inhabitants of Pirot) did not presume that six years later the often damn Turkish rule in their town will be finished, and at least they did not presume that they will be include in Serbia, because they always feel that they are Bulgarians. ("Србија, земља и становништво од римског доба до краја XIX века", Друга књига, Београд 1986, p. 215)...And today (in the end of XIX century) among the older generation there are many fondness to Bulgarians, that it led him to collision with Serbian government. Some hesitation can be noticed among the youngs..." ("Србија, земља и становништво од римског доба до краја XIX века", Друга књига, Београд 1986, c. 218; Serbia - its land and inhabitants, Belgrade 1986, p. 218) ^ Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, „Voyage en Bulgarie pendant l'année 1841“ (Жером-Адолф Бланки. Пътуване из България през 1841 година. Прев. от френски Ел. Райчева, предг. Ив. Илчев. София: Колибри, 2005, 219 с. ISBN 978-954-529-367-2.) The author describes the population of Nish sandjak as ethnic Bulgarians, see: [1] ^ Василев, В.П. Темският ръкопис – български езиков паметник от 1764 г, Paleobulgarica, IX (1986), кн. 1, с. 49-72 See also Western Outlands Bulgarians in the Republic of Macedonia Bulgarians v • d • e Ethnic groups in Serbia Serbia Serbs · Armenians · Bosniaks (ethnic Muslims) · Bulgarians · Chinese · Jews · Roma · Romanians (Vlachs) · Croats · Montenegrins · Macedonians Vojvodina Banat Bulgarians · Bunjevci · Croats (Šokci) · Danube Swabians (Banat Swabians) · Hungarians (and Székelys) · Montenegrins · Pannonian Rusyns · Roma · Romanians · Serbs · Slovaks · Macedonians Kosovo[a] Albanians · Gorani · Croats · Montenegrins · Serbs · Roma (Ashkali & Egyptians) · Turks Demographic history of Serbia · Vojvodina · Kosovo ^a Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo declared its independence on 17 February 2008, while Serbia claims it as part of its own sovereign territory. Kosovo is recognised by 69 of the 192 UN member states.